| Mahjong Variant | Value |
|---|---|
| Chinese Classical | Always |
| New Style | Always |
| Japanese Classical | Always |
| HK Old Style | Always |
| Guangdong Style | Always |
| Taiwanese | N/A |
| Chinese Official MCR | 88 "Fan" |
| Guangdong MCR | 24/36 Points |
| Japanese Riichi | Yakuman |
| Let's Mahjong! | 13 Fan |
| Zung Jung | 320 Points |
Thirteen Orphans （十三么）is a limit hand that consists of one of each terminal and honor tile. The fourteenth tile can be any other Terminal or Honor tile. All tiles must be self-drawn except for the last tile.
If the wait is on all thirteen possible tiles, the hand is pure; otherwise, the hand is impure.
An example of a Pure Thirteen Orphans. The blue tile is a 13-sided wait.
By Mahjong Variant
Hong Kong New Style (1950s)
If an opponent attempts to make a Concealed Kong, but the tile is the last one needed to complete a Thirteen Orphans, the player can rob it.
Japanese Riichi Mahjong
Thirteen Orphans is one of the three Yakuman Gosanke 「役満御三家」, a group of Yakuman known for being easier to get than the others.
If an opponent attempts to make a Concealed Kong, but the tile is the last one needed to complete a Thirteen Orphans, the player can rob it. This is the only instance where a tile from a Concealed Kong can be called.
Some groups award Double Yakuman for a Pure Thirteen Orphans.
Chinese Official MCR
Does not combine with All Types, Concealed Hand, or Single Wait. (Combines with Fully Concealed if Self-Drawn).
Guangdong MCR
An 'Impure Thirteen Orphans' is worth 24 Points, while a 'Pure Thirteen Orphans' is worth 36 Points.